0 ? array_reduce( array_reverse($middlewares), fn (callable $handler, Middleware $middleware) => fn (ServerRequestInterface $request) => $middleware->handle($request, $handler), $handler ) : $handler; return $handler($request); } public function parseParameters(array $parameters): array { foreach ($parameters as $key => $value) { if (!is_string($value)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException( "Parameter {$key} is not a string." ); } } return $parameters; } }